In 1643, Pastor Samuel Rutherford wrote Lex,
Rex, or the Law and the Prince. In it he commented about the king’s limited
power, he said, "God hath given no absolute and unlimited power to a king
above the law [of God].
When the magistrate doth anything by violence, and
without law, in so far doing against his office he is not a magistrate. Then,
say I, that power by which he doth, is not of God. None doth, then, resist the
ordinance of God who resist the king in tyrannous acts.
Therefore an unjust king, as unjust, is not that genuine
ordinance of God. So we may resist the injustice of the king, and not resist
the king. If, then, any castoff the nature of a king, and become habitually a
tyrant, in so far he is not from God…. If the office of a tyrant … be contrary
to a king’s office, it is not from God, and so neither is the power from
God."
English philosopher John Locke also wrote regarding
limited authority: "Wheresoever the authority ceases, the king ceases too,
and becomes like other men who have no authority."
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